As suggested in several publications, a bolus of 15-20 g protein (from skimmed milk or whey proteins) and carbohydrate (± 30 g maltodextrine) drinks is needed immediately after stopping exercise to stimulate muscle protein and tendon collagen turnover within 1 h. Muscular activities promote a cascade of signals leading to the stimulation of eukaryotic initiation of myofibrillar protein synthesis. A fast growing rate, as in premature babies or in children recovering from malnutrition, leads to a high protein turnover rate and a high protein and energy requirement. Nitrogen balance (difference between protein intake and protein degradation) for athletes is usually balanced when the intake of protein reaches 1.2 g Daily rates of protein turnover in humans (300 to 400 g per day) are largely in excess of the level of protein intake (50 to 80 g per day). Endurance exercise induces a greater oxidative capacity (enzymes) compared to resistance exercise, which induces fiber hypertrophy (myofibrils). Individuals who exercise respond differently when resistance and endurance types of contractions are compared. Strenuous exercise provokes increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis, the opposite occurring during the recovery period. There are different fractional synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, but there is no major difference between collagen and myofibrillar protein synthesis. Stable isotopic tracers ((13)C-lysine, (15)N-glycine, ²H5-phenylalanine) and arteriovenous differences have been used in studies of skeletal muscle and collagen tissues under resting and exercise conditions. Noninvasive and invasive techniques have been applied to determine amino acid catabolism and muscle protein building at rest, during exercise and during the recovery period after a single experiment or training sessions. As for any cell or tissue, total muscle protein reflects a dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. 1997) found no differences when rates of protein kinetics were expressed per. Best Protein Powder Price List in India - Healthkart MuscleBlaze Biozyme Whey Protein, 4.4 lb Rich Milk Chocolate, Rs. Skeletal muscle is the major deposit of protein molecules. Although rates of whole-body protein turnover per kg of body weight (BW) have been reported to decrease with age (Golden and Waterlow 1977, Young et al.
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